79例慢性乙型肝炎患者重叠HCMV感染T细胞亚群结果分析

目的研究慢性乙型肝炎重叠人巨细胞病毒感染情况下T细胞表面抗原CD3、CD4、CD8变化。方法检测HBV重叠HCMV感染组与单纯HBV感染组的T细胞亚群。结果慢性乙型肝炎重叠感染HCMV与慢性乙型肝炎无重叠感染HCMV的T细胞亚群。结果重叠感染组的CD3、CD4明显低于无重叠感染组,CD8高于无重叠感染组。结论HCMV的重叠感染会加剧抑制慢性乙型肝炎患者的T淋巴细胞免疫功能,致T淋巴细胞表面抗原表达更加紊乱。     

不同方法检测同种异基因造血干细胞移植受者巨细胞病毒感染的探讨

本研究探讨同种异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后早期有效检测巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染的方法。应用荧光定量PCR和ELISA试剂盒分别检测19名allo-HSCT受者,214份标本的血浆DNA负荷量和血清IgM抗体,同时应用流式细胞术检测188份标本白细胞pp65抗原。结果表明：pp65抗原、DNA定量和IgM抗体的阳性检出率分别为30.85%（58/188）、35.51%（76/214）和13.08%（28/214）,连续阳性病例和临床诊断的符合率分别为7/8、7/8和3/8。DNA定量与pp65抗原阳性检出率的差别无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但两种检测方法有明显的相关性（P〈0.05）。IgM抗体阳性检出率明显低于DNA定量和pp65抗原,其差别均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,与另两种检测方法虽有关系,但不密切。结论：流式细胞术和荧光定量PCR检测allo-HSCT受者CMV早期感染可靠、简便快速,值得临床推广使用。     

孕妇外周血胎儿细胞中巨细胞病毒基因的检测及意义

目的利用孕妇外周血中胎儿细胞进行无创性产前诊断巨细胞病毒宫内感染的新方法。方法(1)采用显微操作技术从273例孕妇外血中分离单个胎儿有核红细胞。(2)应用多重引物原位合成技术(primed in situ labeling，PRINS)检测76例孕妇外周血HCMV-DNA阳性标本的单个胎儿细胞的SRY基因和HCMV-DNA基因。(3)应用引物延伸预扩增法(primed extension preamplification，PEP)及聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测273例孕妇外周血中单个胎儿细胞的SRY基因和HCMV-DNA基因。结果(1)应用显微操作技术分选胎儿细胞的分选率为100％。(2)PRINS技术检测SRY基因的敏感性为97．56％(40／41)，特异性为100％(35／35)。检测HCMV-DNA基因的敏感性为92．68％(38／41)，特异性为100％(35／35)。(3)PEP及PCR方法检测SRY基因的敏感性为97．39％(149／153)，特异性为99．17％(119／120)，检测HCMV-DNA基因的敏感性为95．12％(39／41)，特异性为100％(232／232)。结论应用PRINS技术、PEP方法及PCR技术对孕妇外周血中单个胎儿细胞进行非创伤性产前诊断巨细胞病毒宫内感染是一种敏感性高特异性强的新方法，可能具有广阔的临床应用前景。     

流式细胞术检测分析人巨细胞病毒核酸疫苗诱导宿主细胞免疫效应

目的探讨人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)pp65核酸疫苗对宿主细胞免疫功能的诱导效应。方法用自行构建的含HCMVpp65基因的重组质粒免疫小鼠,用流式细胞仪检测免疫小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群的变化以及CD8 T细胞分泌干扰素γ(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素(IL)-4的情况,并以四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)增殖试验作补充验证。结果接种重组质粒组与仅接种空质粒或生理盐水对照组小鼠的免疫效应不同,表现为CD8 T细胞百分率增加(P<0.05),分泌细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-4的CD8 T细胞百分率亦增高(P<0.05),两者的平均荧光强度值增高更为显著(P<0.05)。免疫小鼠的脾脏T细胞经HCMVpp65蛋白刺激后,实验组的刺激指数(SI)较对照组明显增高(P<0.05)。结论HCMVpp65核酸疫苗接种可诱导宿主的细胞免疫反应,倾向于表现为细胞毒性T细胞(Tc)1和Tc2的混合应答以及脾脏T细胞的增殖效应。     

器官移植受者微量CMV DNA与IL-10基因单核苷酸多态性的相关性研究

目的研究白介素-10（IL-10）基因G1082A和C819T单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与移植术后外周血微量巨细胞病毒（CMV）DNA的关系。万法采集176例移植术后受者，429例次的外周血。通过巢式聚合酶链反应（nPcR）技术检测微量CMV DNA。通过序列特异性聚合酶链反应（SSP-PCR）技术检测IL-10基因G1082A与C819T的变异情况。分析IL-10各基因型在微量CMV DNA受者中的分布频率，并对阳性组与阴性组进行比较。结果研究人群中IL-10 G1082A和C819T基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律。CMV DNA阳性组IL-10 G1082A和C819T等位基因频率分别为G=3.75％、A=96.25％和C=32.50％、T=67.50％；CMV DNA阴性组分别为G=5.51％、A=94.49％和C=36.03％、T=63.97％。CMV DNA阳性组两SNP基因型及等位基因分布与其在CMV DNA阴性组中的分布差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论目前尚不能认为IL-10基因G1082A与C819T单核苷酸多态性与移植受者微量CMV DNA阳性有相关性。     

CMVpp65基因修饰的树突状细胞刺激自身T细胞活化

巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染易发生于慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD）患者，其特异性免疫依赖于T细胞活性。本研究探讨CMVpp65基因修饰的树突状细胞（DC）对自身T细胞的活化作用。采用具有高效转染非分裂细胞的慢病毒系统将CMV全长pp65基因导入鼠源性DC；采用CpG—DNA诱导DC细胞成熟；采用流式细胞术及免疫荧光方法测定T淋巴细胞抗原及IFNγ表达。结果表明：慢病毒感染DC的感染复数（multiplicity of infection，MOI）为50，最佳感染效率可达30％-40％；表达pp65基因的成熟DC能刺激自身naiveT细胞表达CD69；表达PP65蛋白的成熟DC能够刺激自身CD4^＋或CD8^＋T细胞分泌IFNγ。结论：pp65基因修饰、CpG—DNA诱导成熟的DC能体外激活CMV特异性T淋巴细胞。     

Validation of the Greek version of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Elderly People (HoNOS65+, version 3)

Objectives: There is a growing need for evaluation of the results of mental health services and clinical treatment in older people, but evidence for effectiveness is limited in Greece. The Health of the Nations Outcome Scales for Elderly People (HoNOS65+) are promising instruments for the assessment of mental, physical and social health in older persons. They have been translated into the Greek language but have not been validated. The aim was to assess the inter-rater reliability, intraclass correlation, concurrent validity, internal consistency and sensitivity to change of HoNOS65+ in a Greek sample of older people with mental health problems.

Method: Two samples, one of inpatients in a psychiatric hospital and the other of older people living in the community were used. In order to test the extent to which the HoNOS65+ were sensitive to change the first sample was reassessed after two months and the second after three months. For each participant HoNOS65+ were completed by two independent raters, and the clinician rated blindly each participant on the Stockton Geriatric Rating Scale and a scale which measured behavioural, physical, cognitive and emotional status.

Results: In both groups (inpatients n?=?50, community n?=?65), the inter-rater reliability, intraclass correlation and concurrent validity were high while internal consistency of the scales taken together was low. At reassessment in 98 participants, HoNOS65+ showed changes comparable to clinician ratings.

Conclusion: The Greek version of HoNOS65+ can achieve high levels of reliability, validity and sensitivity to change for measuring outcomes in older people with mental health problems.     

Cytomegalovirus-induced pathology in human temporal bones with congenital and acquired infection

ObjectivePublications on histopathology of human temporal bones with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are limited. We aim to determine histopathology of the inner ears and the middle ears in human temporal bones with congenital and acquired CMV infections.MethodsTemporal bones from 2 infants with congenital and 2 adults with acquired CMV infection were evaluated by light microscopy.ResultsTwo infants with congenital CMV infection showed striking pathological changes in the inner ear. There was a hypervascularization of the stria vascularis in the cochlea of the first infant, but no obvious loss of outer and inner hair cells was seen in the organ of Corti. However, cytomegalic cells and a loss of outer hair cells were found in the cochlea of the second infant. The vestibular organs of both infants showed cytomegalic cells, mostly located on dark cells. There was a loss of type I and type II hair cells in the macula of the saccule and utricle. Loss of hair cells and degeneration of nerve fibers was also seen in the semicircular canals. Both infants with congenital infection showed abundant inflammatory cells and fibrous structures in the middle ear cavity. No evidence of cytomegalic cells and hair cell loss was found in the cochlea or vestibular labyrinth in acquired CMV infection.ConclusionsIn two infants with congenital CMV infection, the cochlea, vestibule, and middle ear were highly affected. Temporal bones of adult donors with acquired viral infection showed histological findings similar to donors of the same age without ear disease.